Networking Essentials Chapter 1-5 Checkpoint Exam Online Full 100% 2019

A binary digit (or bit) has two possible values, 0 or 1. The on and off state of a simple switch is an example of the two states represented by a bit.

Near Field Communications (NFC) is a wireless technology that enables data to be exchanged by devices that are in very close proximity to each other.

A shared peripheral device does not connect directly to a network. This device is attached to a host (such as a PC) and the host connects to the network to share the peripheral device.

An IP address, a subnet mask, and a default gateway are required on a host that must communicate with another host in a remote network. DNS server information is needed if mapping a domain name to an associated IP address. DHCP server information is dynamically learned and is not a required configuration for remote network reachability.

Several criteria should be considered when selecting network media:The cost of the media and installation
The environment in which the media is installed
The amount of data and the data transfer rate desired
The distance between hosts that the media will connect

A server is a host with server software installed. Although CPU, memory, and the network connection will determine the performance of a server, it is the server software that provides desired server services.

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling is sensitive to the interference introduced by electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk.

A data communication protocol is a set of rules that govern the communication process.

The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a physical address assigned to each Ethernet NIC by manufacturers. It is 48-bits in length. The MAC address is used to identify the source and destination on a local Ethernet network. It cannot be routed to remote networks.

An Ethernet switch examines the source MAC address of an incoming frame. If the source MAC address is not in the MAC address table, the switch will add it to the table with the associated ingress Ethernet port.

The equivalent decimal value for a binary number of 11001010 can be determined by 1*2^7+1*2^6+1*2^3+1*2^1.

Both bandwidth and throughput are the measurement of data transfer over a period of time. They use the same measurement units. However, bandwidth is used to indicate the theoretical capacity of a network connection whereas throughput is used to indicate the actual data transfer rate between two hosts at the time of measurement.

The designated private IP addresses are within the three IP address ranges:10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

The IP addresses 201.34.45.0, 192.16.43.67, and 195.124.45.255 are Class C addresses. With the default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, 192.16.43.67 is a unicast address or host address, 195.124.45.255 is a broadcast address, and 201.34.45.0 is a network address. IP address 226.34.15.78 is a Class D multicast address.

An IPv6 address is made up of 128 bits represented in hexadecimal numbers.There are two rules that help reduce the number of digits needed to represent an IPv6 address.Rule 1 – Omit leading zeros in any 16-bit section.
Rule 2 – Replace any single group of consecutive zeros with a double colon (::). This can only be used once within an IPv6 address.

When a user types a domain name to visit a website, the DNS service is called to resolve the domain name to its associated IP address before the user packet is sent to the website.

A user may request different services from the same server or different servers. TCP and UDP port numbers are used to keep track of specific sessions between a client and server.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTP Secure (HTTPS) are two application layer protocols that manage the content requests from clients and the responses from the web server. HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) is the encoding language that describes the content and display features of a web page. DNS is for domain name to IP address resolution. DHCP manages and provides dynamic IP configurations to clients.

When clients send requests for a service from a server, the destination port number is used to indicate the specific service requested.

According to the Ethernet standards, each Ethernet frame can carry 46 to 1500 bytes of user data. During the encapsulation process, other fields are added, such as destination MAC address, source MAC address, and FCS. The size of Ethernet frames is normally limited to a maximum of 1518 bytes and a minimum of 64 bytes.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a best effort transport layer protocol. Unlike TCP, it does not use an acknowledgment protocol to ensure reliable packet delivery. TCP provides reliable delivery service. HTTP and SSH are application layer protocols in the TCP/IP model.

In a peer-to-peer network there is no centralized or dedicated server. A user computer can be a client to request service from another user computer and a server to share a network resource (such as a printer) to other users.

Intermediate devices in a network provide network connectivity to end devices and transfer user data packets during data communications.

When a host sends a packet, it uses the subnet mask to compare the source IPv4 address and the destination IPv4 address. If the network bits match, both the source and destination host are on the same local network. Otherwise, the destination host is on a remote network.

The IP address configuration on PC0 requires the following:IP address – any valid host address on the LAN, except for .254
Subnet mask – default value for the network
Gateway – the nearest router interface
DNS – the DNS server on the ISP network